bilabial | labio-dental | alveolar | palatal | velar | glottal | |
stop | pʰ, p | tʰ, t | cʰ, c | kʰ, k | ||
fricative | f | s | ç | h | ||
affricate | tsʰ, ts | |||||
nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
approximant | ʋ | j | ||||
lateral approximant | l |
velar | |
stop | kʷʰ, kʷ |
front | central | back | |
close | i | u | |
close-mid | e | ||
mid | ə | ||
open-mid | ɔ | ||
open | a |
/ai/, /ia/, /eu/, /ɔi/, /ui/, /au/, /iɔ/, /iu/, /ie/
/iau/
55, 33, 53, 31, 11, 13
m, n, ŋ, p, t, k
(C)(G)V(C)
Source: Lee, Wai-Sum; and Eric Zee. 2009. Hakka Chinese. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 39.107–111; Hashimoto, Mantaro J. 1973. The Hakka Dialect: A Linguistic Study of Its Phonology, Syntax and Lexicon. Cambridge University Press.
Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)