bilabial | labio-velar | labio-dental | alveolar | retroflex | palatal | velar | glottal | |
stop | pʰ, b | tʰ, d | ʈ, ɖ | kʰ, g | ||||
tap | ɾ | ɽ | ||||||
fricative | f | s | ʂ | ç | h | |||
nasal | m | n | ɳ | ŋ | ||||
approximant | w | ʋ | j | |||||
lateral approximant | l | ɭ |
front | central | back | |
close | i, y | ʉ | u |
open-mid | ɛ, œ | ɔ | |
open | ɑ |
front | central | back | |
close | iː, yː | ʉː | uː |
close-mid | eː, øː | oː | |
open | ɑː |
Source: Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.
Comments: An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).
Contributed by: Anton Kukhto (kukhto@mit.edu)