bilabial | labio-velar | alveolar | retroflex | palatal | velar | glottal | |
stop | p, b, bʰ | t, d, tʰ, dʰ | ʈ, ɖ, ɖʰ | c, ɟ, ɟʰ | k, g | ||
trill | r | ||||||
tap | ɽ | ||||||
fricative | s | h | |||||
nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
approximant | w | j | |||||
lateral approximant | l |
front | central | back | |
close | i | u | |
close-mid | e | o | |
mid | ə | ||
open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
open | a |
front | central | back | |
close | ĩ | ũ | |
mid | ə̃ | ||
open-mid | ɛ̃ | ɔ̃ | |
open | ã |
/ae/, /ao/, /eo/, /iu/, /ui/, /əi/, /əu/, /ei/, /ɔe/, /ɛo/, /oe/, /oi/, /ea/, /oa/, /uə/, /iə/, /io/
p, t, k, ʈ, ɖ, c, m, n, ɲ, ŋ, n, h, r, ɽ, l
(C)V(N)(C)
Source: Ghosh, Arun. 2008. Santali. The Munda Languages, ed. by Gregory D.S. Anderson, 11–98. Routledge language family series. London: Routledge.
Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)