bilabial | labio-velar | dental | alveolar | postalveolar | palatal | velar | glottal | |
stop | pʰ, b | d̪, t̪ʰ | k, g | |||||
tap | ɾ | |||||||
fricative | θ, ð | ʃ, ʒ | x | h | ||||
affricate | tʃ, dʒ | |||||||
nasal | m | n̪ | ŋ | |||||
approximant | w | j | ||||||
lateral approximant | l̪ |
front | back | |
close | i, y | ɯ, u |
open-mid | œ, ɛ | ɔ |
open | ɑ |
front | back | |
close | iː, yː | ɯː, uː |
open-mid | œː | ɔː |
near-open | æː | |
open | ɑː |
Source: Gray, David. 1994. Turkmen grammar. A short descriptive grammar of the Turkmen language. Cheltenham: SIL-NEG
Comments: /l̪/ might be velarized or palatalized according to the harmonic class of the word. /k/ and /g/ get uvular in back-vowel environment.
Contributed by: André Nikulin (andre.n.guzman@gmail.com)