bilabial | labio-velar | labio-dental | alveolar | postalveolar | retroflex | palatal | velar | uvular | glottal | |
stop | p, pʰ, b | t, tʰ, d | c, cʰ, ɟ | k, kʰ, ɡ | q, qʰ | ʔ | ||||
trill | r | |||||||||
fricative | f, v | s, z | ʃ, ʒ | ʂ | x, ɣ | χ, ʁ | ||||
affricate | ts, tsʰ, dz | tʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ | ʈʂ, ʈʂʰ, ɖʐ | |||||||
nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||
approximant | w | j | ||||||||
lateral approximant | l̥, l |
bilabial | alveolar | postalveolar | retroflex | palatal | velar | uvular | |
stop | ⁿb | ⁿd | ⁿɟ | ⁿɡ | ⁿɢ | ||
affricate | ⁿdz | ⁿdʒ | ⁿɖʐ |
front | central | back | |
close | i | u | |
close-mid | e | o | |
mid | ə | ||
open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
near-open | ɐ | ||
open | a |
/ɐi̯/, /oi̯/
(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)
Source: Sun, Jackson T.-S. 2003. Caodeng rGyalrong. In LaPolla, Randy J., and Graham Thurgood (eds.) Sino-Tibetan Languages. London: Routledge, 409–502.
Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)