bilabial | labio-velar | alveolar | palatal | velar | glottal | |
stop | p, pʰ, b, bʰ | t, tʰ, d, dʰ | k, kʰ, g, gʰ | ʔ | ||
trill | r | |||||
fricative | s | ç | ɦ | |||
affricate | ts, tsʰ, dz, dzʰ | |||||
nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
approximant | w | j | ||||
lateral approximant | l |
front | central | back | |
close | i | ʉ | u |
close-mid | e | ɵ | o |
open-mid | ɛ | ʌ | |
open | a |
front | central | back | |
close | iː | ʉː | uː |
close-mid | eː | ɵː | oː |
open-mid | ɛː | ||
open | aː |
/oɔ/
55, 53, 33
Cl/r
p, t, k, m, n, ŋ, r, l, s, j
(C)(l/r)V(C)
Source: Jacques, Guillaume. 2016. Tonogenesis and tonal alternations in Khaling. In Enrique L. Palancar and Jean Léo Léonard (eds.), Tone and Inflection, 41–66. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Comments: Low tone is not posited in the paper: tonal contrasts are neutralised on short and/or unstressed syllables, and the resulting neutral tone is encoded as 33 here.
Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)