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Torwali

Phylum: Indo-European

Genus: Indo-Aryan

Lat/lon: 35.153851, 72.531949

ISO code: trw

Consonants

Basic short series

bilabiallabio-velarlabio-dentalalveolarpostalveolarretroflexpalatalvelarglottal
stopp, pʰ, b, bʰt, tʰ, d, dʰʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ɖʰk, kʰ, g, gʰ
trillr
tapɽ
fricativefs, zʃ, ʒʂ, ʐx, ɣh
affricatetʃ, tʃʰ, dʒʈʂ, ʈʂʰ, ɖʐ
nasalm, m̥n, n̥ɳ, ɳ̥ŋ
approximantwj
lateral approximantl, l̥

Vowels

Basic short series

frontcentralback
closeiɨu
close-mido
midə
open-midɛɔ
near-openæ
opena

Long series

frontcentralback
close
close-mid
open

Tones

12, 54

Source: Bashir, Elena. 2007. Dardic. The Indo-Aryan languages, ed. by George Cardona and Dhanesh Jain, 818–894. Routledge language family series. London: Routledge.

Comments: “The status of length is not certain” (p. 865). The phoneme [f] is given in parentheses without comments.

Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)