bilabial | labio-velar | labio-dental | alveolar | postalveolar | retroflex | palatal | velar | glottal | |
stop | p, pʰ, b, bʰ | t, tʰ, d, dʰ | ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ɖʰ | k, kʰ, g, gʰ | |||||
trill | r | ||||||||
tap | ɽ | ||||||||
fricative | f | s, z | ʃ, ʒ | ʂ, ʐ | x, ɣ | h | |||
affricate | tʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ | ʈʂ, ʈʂʰ, ɖʐ | |||||||
nasal | m, m̥ | n, n̥ | ɳ, ɳ̥ | ŋ | |||||
approximant | w | j | |||||||
lateral approximant | l, l̥ |
front | central | back | |
close | i | ɨ | u |
close-mid | o | ||
mid | ə | ||
open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
near-open | æ | ||
open | a |
front | central | back | |
close | iː | uː | |
close-mid | eː | ||
open | aː |
12, 54
Source: Bashir, Elena. 2007. Dardic. The Indo-Aryan languages, ed. by George Cardona and Dhanesh Jain, 818–894. Routledge language family series. London: Routledge.
Comments: “The status of length is not certain” (p. 865). The phoneme [f] is given in parentheses without comments.
Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)