bilabial | labio-velar | labio-dental | alveolar | postalveolar | retroflex | palatal | velar | glottal | |
stop | p, pʰ, b, bʰ | t, tʰ, d, dʰ | ʈ, ɖ | k, kʰ, g, gʰ | |||||
trill | r | ||||||||
tap | ɽ, ɽʰ | ||||||||
fricative | f, v | s, z | ʃ, ʒ | ʂ, ʐ | x, ɣ | h | |||
affricate | ts, tsʰ | tʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ | ʈʂ | ||||||
nasal | m | n | ɳ | ||||||
approximant | w | j | |||||||
lateral approximant | l |
front | central | back | |
close | i | u | |
close-mid | e | o | |
open | a |
front | central | back | |
close | iː | uː | |
close-mid | eː | oː | |
open | aː |
Source: Bashir, Elena. 2007. Dardic. The Indo-Aryan languages, ed. by George Cardona and Dhanesh Jain, 818–894. Routledge language family series. London: Routledge; Buddruss, Georg. 1959. Kanyawali. Proben eines Maiyā̃ Dialektes aus Tangir (Hindukush). Munich: J. Kitzinger.
Comments: “Vowels ī, ē, ā and a are distinct phonemes... The status of length for ī, ē and of o/ō/u/ū is unclear (Bd: 9)” (Bashir 2007: 875)
Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)