bilabial | labio-dental | alveolar | retroflex | alveolo-palatal | palatal | velar | uvular | |
stop | p, pʰ, b | t, tʰ, d | ʈ, ɖ | k, kʰ, g | q | |||
trill | r | |||||||
fricative | s, z | ʂ | ɕ | x, ɣ | ||||
affricate | ts | ʈʂ | tɕ, tɕʰ, dʑ | |||||
nasal | m | n | ||||||
approximant | ʋ | j | ||||||
lateral approximant | l |
front | back | |
near-close | ɪ | ʊ |
open-mid | ɛ | ɔ |
front | back | |
close | iː | uː |
close-mid | eː | oː |
near-open | æː | |
open | ɑː |
11, 33, 55, 15
td, dr
C, nC
Source: Liljegren, Henrik. 2013. Notes on Kalkoti: A Shina Language with Strong Kohistani Influences. Linguistic Discovery 11.1:129-160.
Comments: Nasalisation seems to be phonemic, but it is an area needing further research, and subsequently no separate series of nasal vowels along with an oral series is introduced here (p. 138). The analysis is preliminary, especially regarding tone. Final clusters with nasals tend to be simplified.
Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)