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Kalkoti

Phylum: Indo-European

Genus: Indo-Aryan

Lat/lon: 35.416398, 72.181151

ISO code: xka

Consonants

Basic short series

bilabiallabio-dentalalveolarretroflexalveolo-palatalpalatalvelaruvular
stopp, pʰ, bt, tʰ, dʈ, ɖk, kʰ, gq
trillr
fricatives, zʂɕx, ɣ
affricatetsʈʂtɕ, tɕʰ, dʑ
nasalmn
approximantʋj
lateral approximantl

Vowels

Basic short series

frontback
near-closeɪʊ
open-midɛɔ

Long series

frontback
close
close-mid
near-openæː
openɑː

Tones

11, 33, 55, 15

Licit initial clusters

td, dr

Licit finals

C, nC

Source: Liljegren, Henrik. 2013. Notes on Kalkoti: A Shina Language with Strong Kohistani Influences. Linguistic Discovery 11.1:129-160.

Comments: Nasalisation seems to be phonemic, but it is an area needing further research, and subsequently no separate series of nasal vowels along with an oral series is introduced here (p. 138). The analysis is preliminary, especially regarding tone. Final clusters with nasals tend to be simplified.

Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)