Phylum: Hmong-Mien

Genus: Hmongic

Lat/lon: 28.08118, 109.38727

ISO code: mmr

Consonants

Basic short series

	bilabial	labio-dental	alveolar	retroflex	alveolo-palatal	palatal	velar	uvular	glottal
stop	p, pʰ		t, tʰ				k, kʰ	q, qʰ
fricative		f	s	ʂ, ʐ	ɕ				h
affricate			ts, tsʰ	ʈʂ, ʈʂʰ	tɕ, tɕʰ
nasal	m, mʰ, m̩		n, nʰ	ɳ			ŋ
approximant		ʋ				j
lateral approximant			l, lʰ

Short pre-nasalised series

	bilabial	alveolar	retroflex	alveolo-palatal	velar	uvular
stop	ⁿp, ⁿpʰ	ⁿt, ⁿtʰ			ⁿk, ⁿkʰ	ⁿq, ⁿqʰ
affricate		ⁿts, ⁿtsʰ	ⁿʈʂ, ⁿʈʂʰ	ⁿtɕ, ⁿtɕʰ

Short palatalised series

	bilabial	alveolar	velar
stop	pʲ, pʲʰ	tʲ, tʲʰ	kʲ, kʲʰ
nasal	mʲ	nʲ
lateral approximant		lʲ, lʲʰ

Short palatalised pre-nasalised series

	bilabial	alveolar	velar
stop	ⁿpʲʰ	ⁿtʲ, ⁿtʲʰ	ⁿkʲ, ⁿkʲʰ

Short labialised series

	velar	uvular	glottal
stop		qʷ, qʷʰ
fricative			hʷ
nasal	ŋʷ

Short labialised pre-nasalised series

	uvular
stop	ⁿqʷ, ⁿqʷʰ

Vowels

Basic short series

	front	central	back
close	i		u
close-mid			ɤ, o
open-mid	ɛ
open		a	ɑ

Short nasalised series

	front	central	back
close	ĩ
close-mid			õ
open		ã	ɑ̃

Diphthongs

/ɛɰ/, /ɤj/, /aw/

Tones

41, 454, 43, 43ɦ, 14, 22ɦ, 22, 21ɦ

Licit initial clusters

Ø

Licit finals

Ø

Licit syllabic templates

(C)V