bilabial | labio-velar | labio-dental | alveolar | palatal | velar | glottal | |
stop | pʰ, b | tʰ, d | kʰ, g | ||||
trill | r | ||||||
fricative | f, v | s, z | x | h | |||
nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
approximant | w | j | |||||
lateral approximant | l |
front | central | back | |
close | i, y | u | |
near-close | ɪ | ||
close-mid | ɵ | o | |
mid | ə | ||
open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
open | a |
front | central | back | |
close | iː, yː | uː | |
close-mid | eː, øː | oː | |
open-mid | ɛː | ɔː | |
open | aː |
/ai/, /ɛi/, /œi/, /ui/, /au/, /ɔu/, /ou/, /iə/, /yə/, /uə/, /ɪə/, /ɵə/, /oə/
Source: Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.
Comments: /ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).
Contributed by: Anton Kukhto (kukhto@mit.edu)