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Thai (Standard)

Phylum: Tai-Kadai

Genus: Tai

Lat/lon: 13.7563309, 100.501765

ISO code: tha

Consonants

Basic short series

bilabiallabio-velarlabio-dentalalveolaralveolo-palatalpalatalvelarglottal
stopp, pʰ, bt, tʰ, dk, kʰʔ
trillr
fricativefsh
affricatetɕ, tɕʰ
nasalmnŋ
approximantwj
lateral approximantl

Vowels

Basic short series

frontcentralback
closeiu, ɯ
close-mideo, ɤ
open-midɛɔ
opena

Long series

frontcentralback
closeuː, ɯː
close-midoː, ɤː
open-midɛːɔː
open

Diphthongs

/ia/, /ɯa/, /ua/

Tones

55, 33, 11, 15, 51

Licit initial clusters

C{l, r, w}

Licit finals

p, t, k, ʔ, m, n, ŋ, w, j

Licit syllabic templates

(C){l,r,w}V(C)

Source: Tingsabadh, M. R. Kalaya; and Arthur S. Abramson. 1993. Thai. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23.24–28. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746.

Comments: Final /p, t, k, ʔ/ are unreleased. Final /ʔ/ is omitted in unstressed position, possibly with a change of tone. Some speakers lose /r/ in favour of /l/.

Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)