bilabial | labio-velar | labio-dental | alveolar | alveolo-palatal | palatal | velar | glottal | |
stop | p, pʰ, b | t, tʰ, d | k, kʰ | ʔ | ||||
trill | r | |||||||
fricative | f | s | h | |||||
affricate | tɕ, tɕʰ | |||||||
nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||
approximant | w | j | ||||||
lateral approximant | l |
front | central | back | |
close | i | u, ɯ | |
close-mid | e | o, ɤ | |
open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
open | a |
front | central | back | |
close | iː | uː, ɯː | |
close-mid | eː | oː, ɤː | |
open-mid | ɛː | ɔː | |
open | aː |
/ia/, /ɯa/, /ua/
55, 33, 11, 15, 51
C{l, r, w}
p, t, k, ʔ, m, n, ŋ, w, j
(C){l,r,w}V(C)
Source: Tingsabadh, M. R. Kalaya; and Arthur S. Abramson. 1993. Thai. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23.24–28. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746.
Comments: Final /p, t, k, ʔ/ are unreleased. Final /ʔ/ is omitted in unstressed position, possibly with a change of tone. Some speakers lose /r/ in favour of /l/.
Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)