bilabial | dental | alveolar | postalveolar | palatal | velar | uvular | pharyngeal | |
stop | p, b | t̪, d̪ | k, g | q, ɢ | ||||
trill | r | |||||||
fricative | s, z | ʃ | x, ɣ | χ, ʁ | ħ | |||
affricate | tʃ | |||||||
nasal | n | |||||||
approximant | j | |||||||
lateral approximant | l |
front | central | back | |
close | i, y | u | |
close-mid | o | ||
open-mid | œ | ||
near-open | æ | ||
open | a |
Source: Doerfer, Gerhard. 1988. Grammatik des Chaladsch. Turcologica Bd. 4. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz.
Comments: The consonant system given here is an abstraction over the systems of 20+ dialects surveyed by Doerfer, some of which may not have all of the phonemes (e.g., /g/ vs. /ɣ/ and /q/ vs. /ɢ/ are sometimes mutually exclusive). However, due to a high degree of interdialect influence and lexical mixing it seems infeasible to separate pure systems (details of which are not consistently given by Doerfer himself). /f ʒ/ are restricted to Iraninan borrowings; /dʒ/ is also found in borrowings and after /n/. /v w/ are inlaut variants of /b/, they vary freely; /m/ arises due to assimilation of /n/.
Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)