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Khalaj

Phylum: Turkic

Genus: Khalaj

Lat/lon: 34.32, 49.73

ISO code: klj

Consonants

Basic short series

bilabialdentalalveolarpostalveolarpalatalvelaruvularpharyngeal
stopp, bt̪, d̪k, gq, ɢ
trillr
fricatives, zʃx, ɣχ, ʁħ
affricate
nasaln
approximantj
lateral approximantl

Vowels

Basic short series

frontcentralback
closei, yu
close-mido
open-midœ
near-openæ
opena

Source: Doerfer, Gerhard. 1988. Grammatik des Chaladsch. Turcologica Bd. 4. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz.

Comments: The consonant system given here is an abstraction over the systems of 20+ dialects surveyed by Doerfer, some of which may not have all of the phonemes (e.g., /g/ vs. /ɣ/ and /q/ vs. /ɢ/ are sometimes mutually exclusive). However, due to a high degree of interdialect influence and lexical mixing it seems infeasible to separate pure systems (details of which are not consistently given by Doerfer himself). /f ʒ/ are restricted to Iraninan borrowings; /dʒ/ is also found in borrowings and after /n/. /v w/ are inlaut variants of /b/, they vary freely; /m/ arises due to assimilation of /n/.

Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)