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Marathi

Phylum: Indo-European

Genus: Indo-Aryan

Lat/lon: 19.299217, 75.423381

ISO code: mar

Consonants

Basic short series

bilabiallabio-velaralveolarpostalveolarretroflexpalatalvelarglottal
stopp, pʰ, b, bʰt, tʰ, d, dʰʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ɖʰk, kʰ, g, gʰ
trillr, rʰ
fricativesʃh
affricatets, dz, dzʰtʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ, dʒʰ
nasalm, mʰn, nʰɳ, ɳʰ
approximantw, wʰj
lateral approximantl, lʰɭ

Vowels

Basic short series

frontcentralback
closeiu
close-mideo
midə
opena

Diphthongs

/əi/, /əu/

Licit initial clusters

C{r,j}, {d,k,s}w, {k,ʃ}l, s{p,pʰ,tʰ,k}

Licit finals

p, t, ʈ, k, pʰ, tʰ, ʈʰ, kʰ, b, d, ɖ, g, bʰ, dʰ, ɖʰ, gʰ, m, n, ɳ, ɳʰ, r, rʰ, l, ɭ, ts, dz, dzʰ, s, ʃ, h, w, j, wʰ

Source: Dhoṅgaḍe, Rameśa; and Kashi Wali. 2009. Marathi. London Oriental and African language library v. 13. Amsterdam ; Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub. Co.

Comments: /ɒ, æ/ are used in English loanwords. Initial clusters mostly occur in Sanskrit and English borrowings and are split or prothesised in dialects.

Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)