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Kashmiri

Phylum: Indo-European

Genus: Indo-Aryan

Lat/lon: 34.08505, 74.799026

ISO code: kas

Consonants

Basic short series

bilabiallabio-velaralveolarpostalveolarretroflexpalatalvelarglottal
stopp, pʰ, bt, tʰ, dʈ, ʈʰ, ɖk, kʰ, g
trillr
fricatives, zʃh
affricatets, tsʰtʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ
nasalmn
approximantwj
lateral approximantl

Short palatalised series

bilabiallabio-velaralveolarretroflexvelarglottal
stoppʲ, pʲʰ, bʲtʲ, tʲʰ, dʲʈʲ, ʈʲʰ, ɖʲkʲ, kʲʰ, gʲ
trill
fricativesʲ, zʲ
affricatetsʲ, tsʲʰ
nasal
approximant
lateral approximant

Vowels

Basic short series

frontcentralback
closeiɨu
close-mideo
midə
open-midɔ
opena

Long series

frontcentralback
closeɨː
close-mid
midəː
open

Long nasalised series

frontcentralback
closeĩːɨ̃ːũː
close-midẽːõː
midə̃ː
openãː

Short nasalised series

frontcentralback
close
close-mid
midə̃
open-midɔ̃
open

Licit initial clusters

Cr

Licit finals

p, t, ʈ, k, pʰ, tʰ, ʈʰ, kʰ, b, d, ɖ, g, ts, tʃ, tsʰ, tʃʰ, dʒ, m, n, s, ʃ, h, z, l, r, w, j, pʲ, pʲʰ, bʲ, tʲ, tʲʰ, dʲ, ʈʲ, ʈʲʰ, ɖʲ, kʲ, kʲʰ, gʲ, tsʲ, tsʲʰ, mʲ, nʲ, sʲ, zʲ, hʲ, lʲ, rʲ, wʲ

Licit syllabic templates

(C)(C)V(C)(C)

Source: Koul, Omkar N.; and Kashi Wali. 2002. Kashmiri: A cognitive-descriptive grammar. Routledge.

Comments: Vowel-initial syllables are found only word initially. /ɔː/ is found in one word, according to some authorities, but this is analysis is disputed. /ɔ/ is also rare.

Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)