bilabial | labio-velar | labio-dental | dental | alveolar | postalveolar | retroflex | palatal | velar | glottal | |
stop | p, pʰ, b, bʰ, ɓ | t̪, t̪ʰ, d̪, d̪ʰ | ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ɖʰ | c, cʰ, ɟ, ɟʰ, ʄ | k, kʰ, g, gʰ, ɠ | |||||
tap | ɾ, ɾʰ | ɽ, ɽʰ | ||||||||
fricative | f | s, z | ʃ | x, ɣ | h | |||||
nasal | m, mʰ | n, nʰ | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||
approximant | w, wʰ | j | ||||||||
lateral approximant | l, lʰ |
retroflex | |
tap | ɽ̃, ɽ̃ʰ |
front | central | back | |
close | i | u | |
near-close | ɪ | ʊ | |
close-mid | e | o | |
open-mid | ʌ | ||
near-open | æ | ||
open | a |
front | central | back | |
close | ĩ | ũ | |
close-mid | ẽ | õ | |
near-open | æ̃ | ||
open | ã |
/ʌi/, /ai/, /ae/, /aæ/, /ʌo/, /ao/, /aũ/, /ɪã/, /iã/, /e̯ã/, /ea/, /ia/, /ɪi/, /e̯æ/, /e̯ʊ/, /ɪu/, /ɪũ/, /iũ/, /iu/, /e̯ũ/, /eũ/, /ɪo/, /io/, /e̯o/, /eo/, /ʊa/, /ua/, /oa/, /ʊi/, /ui/, /oi/, /ʊe/, /uẽ/, /oe/, /uæ/, /oæ/
{t,d,dʰ}r
Source: Shackle, Christopher. 1976. The Siraiki languages of central Pakistan. A reference grammar. London: School of Oriental and African Studies.
Comments: /ɪʌ/ occurs in loans. Triphthongs were analysed as combinations of diphthongs and simple vowels. The inventory of diphthongs may be incomplete. “There is a weak homorganic nasal glide after nasalised peripheral [a, e, æ, i, u, o] vowels and before plosives” (p. 17). Nasalised dipthongs are nasalised throughout. /ɽ̃/ is phonemically treated as /ɳ/, but is described as a nasalised flap phonetically. sC initial clusters appear in loans. “The tonic syllable is distinguished principally by length from its neighbours, either by the lengthening of peripheral vowels or by the gemination of consonants following centralised vowels” (p. 28).
Contributed by: Dmitry Nikolaev (dnikolaev@fastmail.com)