EURPhon: Meccan Arabic

Phylum: Semitic

Genus: Arabic

Lat/lon: 21.408913, 39.852967

ISO code: acw

Consonants

Basic short series

	bilabial	labio-velar	labio-dental	alveolar	postalveolar	palatal	velar	uvular	pharyngeal	glottal
stop	b			t, d			k, g			ʔ
trill				r
fricative			f	s, z	ʃ			χ, ʁ	ħ, ʕ	ɦ
affricate					dʒ
nasal	m			n
approximant		w				j
lateral approximant				l

Short pharyngealised series

	alveolar
stop	tˤ, dˤ
trill	rˤ
fricative	sˤ, zˤ
lateral approximant	lˤ

Vowels

Basic short series

	front	central	back
close	i		u
open		a

Long series

	front	central	back
close	iː		uː
close-mid	eː		oː
open		aː

Diphthongs

/aj/, /aw/

Licit initial clusters

∅

Licit finals

СС

Licit syllabic templates

CV(ː), CVC, word-finally: CVːC, CVCC

Source: Abu-Mansour, Mahasen Hasan. 2008. Meccan Arabic. Kees Versteegh (ed.), Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics. Vol. 3. Brill: Leiden; Boston. 179–187.

Comments: Word-final clusters are split by an epenthetic vowel when they do not obey the sonority-hierarchy principle. The only minimal pair for /lˤ/ is walˤlˤa 'by God' vs walla 'or else'.