bilabial | labio-velar | labio-palatal | labio-dental | alveolar | postalveolar | palatal | velar | uvular | |
stop | p, b | t, d | k, g | ||||||
fricative | f, v | s, z | ʃ, ʒ | ʁ | |||||
nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||||||
approximant | w | ɥ | j | ||||||
lateral approximant | l |
front | central | back | |
close | i, y | u | |
close-mid | e, ø | o | |
mid | ə | ||
open-mid | ɛ, œ | ɔ | |
open | a |
front | back | |
open-mid | ɛ̃ | ɔ̃ |
open | ɑ̃ |
Source: Fougeron, Cécile & Smith, Caroline L. 1993. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23(2). 73–76.
Comments: “Word-final consonants are always released, and in keeping with a general favouring of open syllables, they are usually resyllabified as onsets when followed by a vowel-initial word (enchainement). Underlying word-final consonants that are not pronounced before a consonant, are pronounced only when preceding a vowel in the same rhythmic group. This process, known as liaison, also contributes to this canonical open-syllable pattern” (Fougeron, Smith 1993).
Contributed by: Anton Kukhto (kukhto@mit.edu)