bilabial | labio-velar | alveolar | alveolo-palatal | palatal | velar | glottal | |
stop | pʰ, b̥, p | tʰ, d̥, t | kʰ, g̊, k | ||||
tap | ɾ | ||||||
fricative | sʰ, s | h | |||||
affricate | tɕʰ, d̥ʑ̥, tɕ | ||||||
nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
approximant | w | j |
front | central | back | |
close | ɯ̽ | ||
near-close | ɪ | ʊ̜ | |
close-mid | e̞ | o̞̜ | |
open-mid | ɛ̝ | ʌ | |
near-open | ɐ |
front | central | back | |
close | iː | uː, ɯː | |
close-mid | eː | ɘː | oː |
open-mid | ɛː | ||
open | ɑ̟ː |
/ɨi/
∅
p̚, k̚, t̚, m, n, ŋ, ɭ
(C)V(C), (C)wV(C), (C)jV(C)
Source: Lee, H.B. 1989. Korean grammar. Oxford University Press
Comments: Plain non-aspirated plosives are also called 'tense'; they trigger tone distinctions on following vowels. The usage of the vowel length is decreasing in Seoul; all /e̞/, /eː/, /ɛ̝/, /ɛː/ merge in many speakers.
Contributed by: André Nikulin (andre.n.guzman@gmail.com)