Phylum: Indo-European

Genus: Indo-Aryan

Lat/lon: 25.0, 67.0

ISO code: urd

Consonants

Basic short series

	bilabial	labio-dental	alveolar	postalveolar	retroflex	palatal	velar	uvular	glottal
stop	p, pʰ, b		t̻, t̻ʰ, d̻		ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ		k, kʰ, g	q
trill			r
tap					ɽ
fricative		f	s, z	ʃ	ʂ		ɣ, x		ɦ
affricate				tʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ
nasal	m		n̻
approximant		ʋ				j
lateral approximant			l̻

Short breathy voiced series

	bilabial	alveolar	retroflex	velar
stop	b̤ʱ	d̻̤ʱ	ɖ̤ʱ	g̤ʱ
tap			ɽ̤ʱ

Short breathy voiced breathy voiced series

	postalveolar
affricate	d̤ʒ̤ʱ

Vowels

Basic short series

	front	central	back
near-close	ɪ		ʊ
mid		ə
near-open	æ

Long series

	front	central	back
close	iː		uː
close-mid	eː		oː
open-mid	ɛː		ɔː
open		äː

Long nasalised series

	front	central	back
close	ĩː		ũː
close-mid	ẽː		õː
open-mid	ɛ̃ː		ɔ̃ː
open		ä̃ː

Short nasalised series

	front	central	back
near-close	ɪ̃		ʊ̃
mid		ə̃